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Product Description:
Olaparib
Olaparib is an orally administered medication and a member of the class of drugs known as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. It is primarily used in the treatment of certain types of cancers, including ovarian, breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Olaparib works by exploiting the concept of synthetic lethality, selectively targeting cancer cells with specific genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2. These mutations impair the cancer cells' ability to repair DNA damage, making them more vulnerable to the DNA-damaging effects of Olaparib. It is available in tablet and capsule forms and is manufactured under stringent quality controls to ensure safety and efficacy.
Function:
PARP Inhibition: Olaparib inhibits the enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which plays a key role in repairing single-strand breaks in DNA. By inhibiting PARP, Olaparib prevents the repair of DNA damage in cancer cells, leading to their death.
Synthetic Lethality: Olaparib takes advantage of synthetic lethality, a concept where two genetic events, such as a drug and a mutation, are not lethal on their own but are lethal when combined. It is particularly effective in cancers with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, as these mutations already compromise DNA repair mechanisms.
Apoptosis Induction: The accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage in cancer cells treated with Olaparib triggers apoptosis, a programmed cell death pathway, further reducing tumor growth.
Anti-Angiogenesis: Olaparib may also inhibit the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) within tumors, restricting their growth and spread.
Application:
Ovarian Cancer: Olaparib is used as a maintenance therapy for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, particularly those with BRCA mutations or homologous recombination repair deficiencies. It helps to prolong the period of remission and reduce the risk of disease progression.
Breast Cancer: Olaparib is approved for the treatment of HER2-negative breast cancer in patients with germline BRCA mutations. It is used as monotherapy or in combination with other treatments to improve outcomes and manage disease progression.
Prostate Cancer: In metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), Olaparib is used in patients with specific DNA repair gene mutations, including BRCA1 and BRCA2. It offers a targeted treatment option for a subset of prostate cancer patients.
Pancreatic Cancer: Olaparib is used as maintenance therapy in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer who have germline BRCA mutations and have responded to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.
Combination Therapy: Olaparib is often used in combination with other cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or immunotherapies, to enhance treatment efficacy and overcome resistance mechanisms.
Clinical Trials and Research: Ongoing clinical trials are exploring the use of Olaparib in other cancer types and in combination with new therapeutic agents. Research is focused on identifying additional biomarkers for patient selection and understanding resistance mechanisms.
Personalized Medicine: Olaparib exemplifies personalized medicine, where treatment is tailored to the genetic profile of the patient's tumor. Genetic testing for BRCA mutations and other DNA repair defects is essential for identifying patients who are likely to benefit from Olaparib therapy.
Adjuvant Therapy: Olaparib is being investigated for use as adjuvant therapy, helping to eliminate residual cancer cells post-surgery or chemotherapy and reduce the risk of recurrence.
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